![Low iron and Vitamin B12 level may up anxiety in boys]()
Iron deficiency and low blood levels of Vitamin B12 in small boys may be associated with behaviour problems, such as anxiety and aggression, when they get in middle school, according to a new study.
The findings showed that iron deficiency, anemia and low plasma vitamin B12 levels in boys at around age 8 were associated with 10 per cent higher mean scores on externalising behaviours such as aggression and breaking of rules.
Iron deficiency was related to an adjusted 12 per cent higher mean on internalising problem scores like anxiety and depression.
"Some parts of the brain develop throughout childhood," said Eduardo Villamor, Professor at the University of Michigan in the US.
He explained that "structural changes in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex of the brain may be involved in the development of behaviour problems as these brain regions respond to environmental conditions at different life stages".
For the study, appearing in the Journal of Nutrition, the team examined 3,200 children aged 5-12.
"Interventions to curb these deficiencies must be informed by knowledge of their causes in each specific setting," Villamor said.
Previous research on infants has shown a link between iron deficiency and lower positive affect, or a child's alertness, ability to self-sooth and self-regulation.
These problems may evolve through middle childhood and show up as behavioural concerns in adolescence and lower-self-rated mental health in adulthood.
The researchers found no associations among girls.
"We don't have a clear explanation of why there were sex differences, although we knew it was important to study boys and girls separately because they may differ in the timing of development," Villamor said.
"Studies in rats have found that some micronutrient deficiencies affect male and female brains differently but it is not clear exactly why this may also be the case in humans," he noted.
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Are you in the habit of skipping your breakfast? Beware, your are more likely to gain weight and have a larger waist size, a study has found.
If you are in the habit of skipping breakfast, then you need to change your diet plan soon. This is because, if you skip breakfast, you are more likely to gain weight and have a larger waist size, a study has revealed.
For the study, researchers traced the breakfast habits of 347 people between 2005 and 2017. The participants were aged between 18 and 87 years. All of them were measured for their height, weight, waist and hip circumference The findings showed that 26.7 per cent of people who skipped breakfast were obese, compared with 10.9 per cent of those who ate it frequently, the Xinhua reported.
"Infrequent breakfast consumption is associated with indices of central obesity and weight gain, with these associations being more evident in individuals who never eat breakfast," said researchers lead by Kevin Smith from Mayo Clinic in the US.
Besides, those who never ate breakfast self-reported the greatest weight gain over the past year.
The study also found that those who missed their breakfast had an average waist of 97.5 cm, 9.8 cm larger than those who had it five to seven times a week, even when age, gender and body mass were considered.
"Our findings on healthy adults are consistent with prior observations in the young, corroborating the concept that regular consumption of this meal is an important and independent contributor of healthy weight at all ages," it added.
*(Edited by mid-day online desk, with inputs from IANS)*
*Catch up on all the latest *Prepare your hair:** To prepare your hair for the wash, oil it two to three hours beforehand. An oil massage opens pores and enables better absorption of oil nutrients. Oil your hair from roots to tips and don't massage too hard. You can use coconut, mustard or olive oil and even a combination for your pre-shampooing routine.
*Rinse gently:* Start by rinsing your hair with lukewarm water. This will remove extra oil from hair and scalp and wash off dry skin on the scalp. It will further help open the cuticles and soften the hair. When rinsing, keep in mind to not start rubbing hair immediately but wait for your hair to be soaking wet.
*Shampoo your hair:* Choosing the right shampoo is important if you want your hair's natural shine and moisture to stay intact. For dry and damaged hair, it's best to opt for sulfate and paraben-free shampoo. Whereas for thin hair, go for a volumising shampoo. In any case, avoid shampoo with synthetic ingredients so that your hair doesn't get damaged. Don't rinse off the shampoo with warm water.
*Apply conditioner:* Hair conditioner is applied after you have rinsed out the shampoo completely. It helps in retaining moisture and binding hair cuticles. Apply it evenly along the length of hair (but not the scalp). Leave it on for a minute or so and then rinse it off with cold water.
*Other things to keep in mind:*
· Wash your hair with lukewarm water as hot water is bad for your hair.
· Apply a conditioning mask once a week -- a hair mask can offer deeper hydration and repair, leaving hair lush and shiny.
· Take a small amount of shampoo and work it up to lather. Start from the scalp and gently move on to the body straight down to the tip.
· Let your hair dry, the best way is to take a towel and wrap it around your head and soak all the extra water.
· Understand your hair type. Go to a professional if need be and find out if you have a combination scalp, an oily one or the one that is prone to dryness.
· Accordingly choose your hair products. Many people do not choose the correct shampoo and conditioner type for themselves.
· Never wash your hair daily; experts suggest washing hair at least thrice a week and oiling at least two times a week.
· Do not ignore dandruff. Use an anti-dandruff shampoo and alternate it with your regular shampoo till dandruff persists.
· Do not switch between brands. Using different brands may show you different results but can also damage your hair.
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Physical activity can protect against the emergence of depression, regardless of age and geographical region, a study has found. Researchers, including those from King's College London in the UK, pooled data from 49 unique cohort studies of people free from mental illness that examined if physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of developing depression.
In total, 266,939 individuals were included, with a gender distribution of 47 per cent males, and on average the individuals were followed up after 7.4 years. Once the data was extracted they found that compared to people with low levels of physical activity, those with high levels had lower odds of developing depression in the future. Physical activity had a protective effect against the emergence of depression in youths, in adults, and in the elderly and across geographical regions, (in Europe, North America, and Oceania).
"This is the first global meta-analysis to establish that engaging in physical activity is beneficial for protecting the general population from developing depression," said Felipe Barreto Schuch from Universidade La Salle in Brazil. "The evidence is clear that people that are more active have a lesser risk of developing depression," said Schuch, lead author of the study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
"We have looked at whether these effects happen at different age groups and across different continents and the results are clear. Regardless your age or where you live, physical activity can reduce the risk of having depression later in life," Schuch said. "Our robust analysis of over a quarter of a million people found consistent evidence that people who are more active are less likely to develop depression in the future," said Schuch.
Researchers found that higher level of physical activity was protective from future depression in children, adults and older adults, across every continent and after taking into account other important factors such as body mass index, smoking and physical health conditions. "Given the multitude of other health benefits of physical activity, our data add to the pressing calls to prioritise physical activity across the lifespan," Schuch added.
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Can mangoes make you fat?
Mangoes are loved by all young and old people for its taste, aroma and flavour. And, the arrival of summers reminds us of lazy afternoons, summer vacations and a plateful of mangoes. However, in recent times, the fruit has been infamous for its sugar content and is considered as one of the major causes of weight gain. So, can mangoes really make us fat? Saumya Shatakshi, Senior Nutritionist, Healthians, suggests the pros of eating mangoes and what to keep in mind:
1. Mango is not just a pure indulgence but a powerhouse to various nutrients like it has vitamin A, iron, copper and potassium.
2. Mango is an energy food and provides sugar rush to the body which helps boost the energy levels of the body and keeps you active throughout the day.
3. It is a storehouse of Vitamin C that increases the immunity and it is also rich in dietary fibre content
4. Eating too much of mangoes can be harmful for health so maintaining the portion control is the key
5. A medium-sized mango has nearly 150 calories, eating anything beyond the permissible calorie limits results in weight gain. Hence, it is advised not to overeat.
6. Eating mangoes after meals increases the overall calories intake.
7. We should replace our mid-morning or evening snacks with mangoes. It helps one enjoy the king of fruits without worrying about piling calories.
8. Avoid having mangoes at night. It is preferable to have it during the first half of the day.
Celebrity nutritionist and dietician Nmami Agarwal suggests that the number of calories that food carries tells you how much energy it provides. Excess calories are stored as fat, which is why overeating leads to weight gain. She also states that mangoes are inversely high on sugar, which generally is an enemy. This is because it causes insulin spikes and falls, which can leave you hungry and cause you to overeat.
*(Edited by mid-day online desk, with inputs from IANS)*
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Mesothelial cells line body cavities, like the one that contains our digestive tract, and they also cover the exterior of our organs to quite literally keep them from rubbing together.
About a decade ago, it was found that these cells also provide another level of protection. They have little fingers, called microvilli, that sense the environment, and warn the organs they cover that there is an invader and an immune response is needed.
In the spleen, as well as the blood and kidneys, they found after drinking water with baking soda for two weeks, the population of immune cells called macrophages, shifted from primarily those that promote inflammation, called M1, to those that reduce it, called M2.
One of the many functions of the kidneys is balancing important compounds like acid, potassium and sodium. With kidney disease, there is impaired kidney function and one of the resulting problems can be that the blood becomes too acidic, O'Connor said. Significant consequences can include increased risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
Baking soda also interacts with acidic ingredients like buttermilk and cocoa in cakes and other baked goods to help the batter expand and, along with heat from the oven, to rise. It can also help raise the pH in pools, is found in antacids and can help clean your teeth and tub.
The findings from the study are published in the Journal of Immunology. Seems like, another use has been found for the all-rounder baking soda.
*(Edited by mid-day online desk, with inputs from ANI)*
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"The big question has been whether these people who are metabolically healthy will stay that way or whether they will progress to metabolic syndrome over time."
Metabolic syndrome includes those risk factors - high blood pressure, high blood sugar, unhealthy cholesterol levels and abdominal fat - which double the risk of cardiovascular disease that can lead to heart attacks and strokes. In addition, these risk factors increase the risk of diabetes by five times.
The study included 6,809 participants which did not include patients with cardiovascular disease.
The study was conducted to determine if metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) at baseline remained stable or led to metabolic syndrome and increased the risk of heart and vascular disease. Participants were followed for 12 years with clinical evaluation repeated every two years. MHO was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 and two or fewer risk factors.
The researchers found that compared to normal weight, baseline MHO was not significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease, the first occurrence of a potentially life-threatening condition. However, almost half of the participants developed metabolic syndrome over the course of the study and had increased odds of cardiovascular disease compared to those with stable MHO and normal weight.
"In this paper, we specifically looked to see whether that progression was associated with a higher risk for heart disease and we found that it was," Mongraw-Chaffin said. "Metabolically healthy obesity is not a stable or reliable indicator of future risk for cardiovascular disease. Right now, there isn't any way to know which 50 percent will progress and which won't.
"Therefore we recommend that everyone with MHO work with their doctor to lose weight or at least maintain their current weight, exercise more and make other lifestyle changes so they don't develop metabolic syndrome."
The study appears in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
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While travelling, you often tend to binge on unhealthy snacks. You can remain healthy by eating nuts and dried fruits, canned fish, peanut butter and anything local in small potions, suggest experts.
*Chaahat Jain, founder at CJ's Fresh, and chef Sarah Todd have listed a few tips on healthy snacking:*
· Carry a stainless-steel water bottle for water. When dehydrated, especially while flying, we tend to confuse being thirsty with hunger pangs. It's extremely important to stay hydrated during the flight. Try to drink two litres of water and stay away from tea and coffee. Don't stop once you have landed. It is essential that you keep up the fluid intake over the next few days. Pack some herbal tea bags and ask your flight attendant for some boiling water or simply ask for some freshly sliced lemon and ginger or a fresh chai at the hotel.
· Take fresh nuts and dried fruits, canned fish, peanut butter, and anything local and healthy. Fresh fruit and vegetables can be cut up in your room and dunked in some hummus or any local dip. Carrots, cucumbers, capsicums, organic yogurt and unsweetened almond milk can be eaten anytime.
· If you need a chocolate fix, buy some 70-85 per cent dark chocolate.
· Limit alcohol intake. It has calories and it dehydrates, so stay within your limits.
· Opt for ginger and peppermint tea as it aids digestion and great immune booster. Chamomile helps you calm and lemon and ginger act as a cleansers and immune boosters.
· Consuming healthy snacks at the right time and in the right proportion is the key to getting the most from your snacking habits. It's better to eat small portions from a plate or bowl than snack directly out of a box or bag. By snacking directly from the bag, you risk overeating and gaining extra pounds. Serving small portions gives you better control over the quantity of food you consume. There's no point planning healthy snacks for work, healthy school snacks or even healthy late night snacks if you're going to go overboard and blow your diet.
· Try to choose brown rice over white rice or try to have quinoa, barley or oats if possible.
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*1. Hair serum:* Always apply hair serum with finger tips and do not apply hair serum too close to the scalp to avoid oily look as applying serum with finger tips will give better look to your hair.
*2. Hair wash:* Wash your hair twice or thrice a week to retain essential oils. Ensure that you wash your hair with warm water (neither too hot and nor too cold) to avoid frizz and damaged hair.
*3. Brushing:* Brush your hair in balancing manner so that too much of brushing does not distribute oil all over your hair.
*4. Dry shampoo:* As summers have set in, dry shampoo is going to be your everyday saviour if you don't have time to wash your hair regularly then dry shampoo will help in hair to not look greasy and matte.
*5. Tie your hair:* To avoid extra stress to your hair, tie your hair when you sleep and when you go out in the sun or dust. This prevents your hair from the further damage.
Vibhoar, Director of NEU Salonz, busts some myths that can help you to get healthy hair this summer.
*1. Cutting your hair regularly makes it grow faster:* It is a myth! Hair grows from the root, and the body cannot detect when it has been cut (shaving, plucking or tweezing is a different story). Cutting the hair removes split ends which help the hair stay more aligned and look healthier. Perceptually, if you get your hair cut regularly you will probably be more aware of how quickly it grows.
*2. Be rough:* You really have to be rough to get the lather going. Remember, your hair is delicate when it is wet, so be gentle. Massaging your shampoo in with soft, circular movements will give you a few minutes of bliss.
*3. Dying your hair will cause damage:* Bleaching hair can dry it out and damage it however there are plenty of nourishing treatments to help replenish hair. Invest in good quality, hydrating shampoos and conditioners and use a mask once a week to keep your hair in the best condition possible.
*4. Stress is making your hair fall out:* It is definitely true that certain traumatic events have been linked to hair loss. Things, like suffering a major illness, gaining weight, career struggles or a death of loved one can trigger hair loss. However, the types of hair loss associated with high stress are typically telogen effluvium, a "resting phase" in which hair follicles stop growing, and alopecia areata, patchy hair loss. Both of which are temporary, reversible, and easily treated with topical or oral solutions to jumpstart the recovery process.
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1. In summer, hair tends to get very frizzy, dry and lifeless due to exposure to direct sunlight. Excessive heat also damages the hair extensively. While castor oil is known to be extremely soothing to the scalp, it is advisable to include ingredients such as Brahmi and camphor to the oil while massaging the scalp to reap benefits from their cooling properties.
2. Hair becomes extremely brittle due to prolonged exposure to heat, sweat and chlorine due to time spent in the swimming pool. To prevent this damage, it's advisable to use a combination of essential oils such as coconut oil, gingelly oil and castor oil along with aloe vera and white hibiscus leaves. The oils act as a sealant and seal the cuticles rendering one's hair shiny and soft.
3. The key benefit of the oils is the fatty acids present in them which replace the lost lipids in one's hair. Lipid loss is a major factor in causing split ends. The key to healthy hair is the right way of using the oils. Unless the hair is extremely dense, it is advisable to use a few drops in your palm, rub them together and rake them through your hair. If the hair is coarser, you can increase the quantity slightly. There are differing reports on the duration for keeping the oil on the hair.
Beauty expert Aakriti Kochar too suggested some benefits of oiling in summer
4. Oiling your hair in summer creates a shield to protect your hair from Sun damage. Sun damage can result in over drying & dullness in hair texture.
5. Oiling strengthens hair from the roots, making it stronger and avoids breakage. This works all year long
Coconut oil is very comfortable in summer since its lightweight. It nourishes your scalp and cleanses dirt and dead cells on the scalp easily on shampooing after oiling.
6. Almond oil is also a good hair cleanser and keeps hair healthy and facilitates hair growth as it is rich in Vitamin E.
7. Olive oil is also a great hair oil for summer because of its property of deep penetration. It seeps into the scalp and provides needed nourishment to hair & scalp from within.
8. Coconut oil protects your hair against the Sun's UV rays and avoids excessive dryness and burns.
9. Sweat and excessive oil secretion during summers can lead to oily dandruff in summers leading to dry brittle hair that also breaks easily. Almond oil has Vitamin E and also works again scalp infections caused due to excessive sweating (oil & sweat mix). It is excellent for treating dandruff.
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Off-late, infertility has become a prevailing issue among young Indians.
With fertility rates falling dramatically over the last couple of years, at least 10-15 percent of married couples are experiencing fertility issues at some point.
Statistics have revealed that 27.5 million couples actively seeking children suffer from infertility; affecting both men and women equally. This burgeoning fact continues to be no more than a whisper to many but we believe a conversation about it is long overdue.
Infertility, as we all know is the inability to conceive by natural means. According to a study conducted by Inito, 40-50 percent of the times the infertility in couples is because of the female partner while the figure is 30-40 percent for the male partner.
While there are many factors increasing this risk, our lifestyle changes have taken the lead. With many couples taking the call on increasing their marital age, family planning takes a back seat to a later age.
Not many believe, but the reproductive age is a vital contributor to pregnancy. Which is why the likelihood of fertility decreases as the ovaries begin to produce lesser amounts of eggs after women turn 35 years of age.
The more the age, the more anxiety partners have while trying to conceive; which leads to a higher level of stress. This leads to more unnatural changes in the body resulting in conceiving issues despite repeated efforts.
Lest do we forget to mention, the indirect pressure couples have from families to plan a baby. 64 percent of the men with spouses more than 30 years of age undergo the highest pressure to have a baby.
That's just not it, the rising level of alcohol and tobacco consumption leading to tremendous weight gain disrupts the balance of hormones in women and men. It upsets the egg implantation in women and lowers the sperm quality in men.
Thus, instead of ovulating, your body is raising health concerns that are impacting your fertility. 42 percent of women have concerns about age or lifestyle while getting pregnant and 45 percent feel either anxiety or stress in trying to conceive. After all, with so much running through your mind conceiving does become a herculean challenge.
Other prominent reasons contributing to the infertility epidemic in the country are the clinical factors. With the lifestyle changing our habits and behaviour, we are becoming more prone to medical conditions that unfortunately, we are still unaware, ignorant or even undiagnosed about. The most common is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.
Women suffering from (PCOS) are at a significant risk of infertility. This condition imbalance the hormones and lades to irregular or at times lack of ovulation. Another not so typical hurdle while conceiving is an uncommon genital condition - Endometrial tuberculosis.
It blocks the fallopian tubes which cause infertility. Sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STIs) are another cause of pregnancy-related issues, which if left untreated can cause long-term complications leading to infertility.
Simply put, you have to take control of your life and make vital changes in order to tackle the problem of infertility. It merely begins with keeping yourself healthy and fit. A well-balanced diet boosted with a daily regime of exercise is sure to do you good in more ways than one.
With so many breakthroughs in technology taking place, 55 percent of women and 75 percent of men don't have awareness about ovulation tracking products like fertility monitors. These devices can easily be purchased online, and they are really helpful in finding the days when you are most fertile to maximise your chances of getting pregnant naturally.
It is also extremely important to understand that everybody has a different behaviour, rather than blindly following a peer or a friend, consult a doctor and educate yourself about your problems. Only 45 percent of the couples visited a doctor when they were trying to conceive.
The truth is the solution lies with us. With multiple tests and proven methods available at our disposal - happy parenting is no longer a distant dream.
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A novel technique that delivers high doses of radiation to tumours while sparing the surrounding normal tissue may help treat patients with early-stage liver cancer, according to a study published on Tuesday. Curative treatment options for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, include surgery, liver transplantation and radiofrequency ablation, said researchers from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in the US.
However, many patients are not candidates for these therapies due to the presence of other conditions. Radiation segmentectomy (RS) is a minimally invasive option that uses the radioisotope yttrium-90 (Y90) to destroy tumours. The isotope is embedded into tiny beads that are delivered through a catheter into a blood vessel in the liver. They then travel to the site of the tumour, where they come to rest and deliver their radioactive effect while sparing much of the surrounding healthy tissue.
The procedure's name derives from the fact that surgeons divide the liver into a number of segments. Using an imaging approach called cone beam CT, interventional radiologists gain a detailed view of the complex liver vasculature and can focus delivery of the Y90 to the relevant segment. "Cone beam CT has revolutionised our ability to perform segmental injections isolated to very small tumours, sparing the majority of normal tissue," said Riad Salem from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.
"Before cone beam CT, we had the ability to focus radiation, but not with this level of accuracy," said Salem, senior author of the study published in the journal Radiology. Salem and colleagues studied long-term outcomes in 70 early-stage HCC patients who had undergone RS between 2003 and 2016. They analysed the patients' responses to treatment based on two commonly used sets of criteria.
Based on one criteria, 90 per cent of patients showed positive response to the therapy, of which 59 per cent showed complete response. Based on a second criteria, 71 per cent achieved positive response, of which 16 per cent achieved complete response. RS controlled the target tumour, slowed the time to disease progression and improved survival outcomes at rates comparable to radiofrequency ablation, surgery and transplantation for early-stage HCC patients.
Almost three-quarters of patients had no progression of cancer in the target tumour five years after treatment, researchers said. Median overall survival was 6.7 years, and one-, three-, and five-year survival probabilities were 98 per cent, 66 per cent and 57 per cent, respectively, they said. One-, three-, and five-year overall survival probability was 100 per cent, 82 per cent and 75 per cent in patients with a baseline tumour size of 3 centimeters or less.
"The results show that we are able to impart curative outcomes to these patients," Salem said. "Our numbers with radiation segmentectomy match or outperform those of other curative treatments in terms of tumour control, survival rate and recurrence," he said.
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*Washington D.C.:* Alcohol intake may be linked to the premenstrual syndrome, a new research has found. According to a pooled analysis by Spanish researchers, around one in 10 cases of PMS might be linked to alcohol intake. The premenstrual syndrome includes any or all of mood swings, tender breasts, food cravings, fatigue, irritability, and depression. Its severity varies from woman to woman.
Several studies have shown that PMS tends to be more severe among women who drink alcohol, but it's not clear whether this is due to the alcohol itself or whether women reach for the bottle to cope with their symptoms.
To try and find out more, the researchers, therefore, trawled research databases for relevant studies published up to May 2017 and found 19 from eight different countries, involving more than 47,000 participants.
Pooled analysis of the data from these 19 studies produced estimates showing that alcohol intake was associated with a 'moderate' heightened risk of PMS of 45 percent, rising to 79 percent for heavy drinkers.
While the design of the included studies precludes the ability to establish cause, the relatively large number and the consistency of the results suggested that alcohol may be associated with an increase in the risk of PMS, they said.
"These findings are important given that the worldwide prevalence of alcohol drinking among women is not negligible," they wrote.
Globally, the proportion of women who drink alcohol is thought to be around 30 percent, with around one in 20 (6 percent) of those heavy drinkers. But in Europe and America, the equivalent figures are higher, at almost 60 percent and over 12.5 percent, respectively.
"Based on the figures above and on our results, we estimate that 11 percent of the PMS cases may be associated with alcohol intake worldwide and 21 percent in Europe," wrote the researchers. "Furthermore, heavy drinking may be associated with 4 percent of the PMS cases in the world and over nine percent in Europe."
They speculated that if the association is causal in nature, "eliminating heavy drinking in women would then prevent one in every 12 cases in Europe."
There are some plausible biological explanations for the association found, they explained. Alcohol might boost PMS risk by altering levels of the sex steroid hormones and gonadotropin during the menstrual cycle, and/or it might interfere with the production of key 'mood' chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, the researchers suggested.
The findings from the study are published in the online journal BMJ Open.
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An observational study has revealed that exposure to a moderate or high caffeine level in the womb is associated with excess weight gain in early childhood. It has also been linked to an increased risk of miscarriage and restricted fetal growth.
The findings which back general advice to limit caffeine intake while pregnant, prompted the researchers to query whether mums-to-be should cut out the world's most widely consumed central nervous system stimulant altogether.
Caffeine passes rapidly through tissues, including the placenta and takes the body longer to get rid of during pregnancy. The researchers wanted to try and find out if caffeine intake during pregnancy might also be associated with excess weight gain in the child's early years. They, therefore, drew on just under 51,000 mother and infant pairs.
At 22 weeks of pregnancy, the mums-to-be were asked to quantify their food and drink intake from among 255 items, including caffeine, using a specially adapted Food Frequency Questionnaire.
Sources of caffeine included coffee, black tea, caffeinated soft/energy drinks, chocolate, chocolate milk, sandwich spreads; and desserts, cakes and sweets.
Their children's weight, height, and body length were subsequently measured at 11 time points: when they were 6 weeks old; at 3, 6, 8, and 12 months; and then at 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 8 years of age.
Excess weight gain was assessed using World Health Organization criteria, while overweight and obesity were assessed according to International Obesity Task Force criteria. Growth trajectories for weight and length/height were calculated from the age of 1 month to 8 years using a validated approach (Jenss-Bayley growth curve).
Just under half of the mums-to-be (46 percent) were classified as low caffeine intake; 44 percent as average intake; 7 percent as high; and 3 percent as very high.
The higher the intake, the greater was the likelihood that the mother was older than 30, had more than one child, consumed more daily calories and smoked during her pregnancy.
And women with a very high caffeine intake during their pregnancy were more likely to be poorly educated and to have been obese before they got pregnant.
Average, high and very high caffeine intake during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk--15, 30, and 66 percent, respectively--of faster excess growth during their child's infancy than low intake, after taking account of potentially influential factors.
And exposure to any caffeine level while in the womb was associated with a heightened risk of overweight at the ages of 3 and 5 years, although this persisted only for those 8-year-olds whose mums had had a very high caffeine intake during their pregnancy.
Children exposed to very high levels of caffeine before birth weighed 67-83 g more in infancy (3-12 months); 110-136 g more as toddlers; 213-320 g more as preschoolers (3-5 years); and 480 g more at the age of 8 than children who had been exposed to low levels.
"The results add supporting evidence for the current advice to reduce caffeine intake during pregnancy and indicate that complete avoidance might actually be advisable," the researchers added.
Caffeine has always been related to various health complications for an adult. However, turns out, it affects the unborn child of caffeine consumers as well. The study appeared in the online journal BMJ Open.
*(Edited by mid-day online desk, with inputs from ANI)*
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The small pilot study included 100 women between the ages of 18-32, with about one-third of the women having experienced sexual violence. After six weeks of a clinical intervention called MAP Training My Brain, findings indicated that trauma-related thoughts experienced by the women who were victims of sexual violence decreased significantly.
Trauma-related thoughts of women who suffered sexual violence lessened after the combination of meditation and aerobic exercise but not after meditation or aerobic exercise alone. MAP training also enhanced the level of self-worth in all the women who participated. Meditation and exercise alone did not have the same positive effect, Shors noted.
There appears to be a synergistic effect of the two activities that specifically helps women learn to recover from the trauma of sexual violence, at least with respect to negative thoughts about stressful life events, according to the study. According to the study, more than 25 percent of women worldwide experience sexual or physical violence in their lifetime, with similar estimates in the United States. Women are four times as likely as men to experience sexual assault and ten times as likely to be raped.
Although PTSD is often associated with veterans returning from war, women - particularly those who are sexually assaulted or victims of violence - are more likely to be diagnosed with PTSD, Shors said. While many women with these experiences do not have PTSD, they still have symptoms related to the memory of what happened. The data suggest that MAP Training can help in that regard, said Shors.
"The #MeToo movement and other platforms have provided women with an opportunity to tell their stories of sexual harassment and assault," Shors continued. "It is important that we also provide them with new ways to help them recover from these experiences." The study appears in Frontiers in Neuroscience. *
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"Health is wealth.""A sound mind in a sound body." The adages can be better described as truisms today. For, the importance of good health is not lost on anyone. Yet, even the most disciplined individuals can fall off the health bandwagon when life comes in the way.
It was these exigencies of life - long working hours, shoot schedules, frequent travelling - that put fitness enthusiast *Gul Panag*'s exercise regimen on the back-burner. For many, the actor-entrepreneur was still a fitness role model. But having been brought up in a family where being physically active is a way of life, she knew she could do better. So, after six months of sporadic workouts, she decided it was time to put things back on track.*Gul Panag gradually increased the distance she ran during the challenge*
On March 31, she went on a 14-day fitness challenge, where she ran, swam, cycled and undertook interval running and training, all while posting her progress on social media. Her companion throughout the challenge was her father, Lt General HS Panag (retd), who in turn has been her role model for fitness, among many other things. The duo kept track of each other's daily fitness regimen through an app, each pushing the other to do better.
Spread across two states - Lt Gen Panag divides his time between Chandigarh and his native village, and Gul is Mumbai-based - the challenge got endearingly competitive at times, where he cycled for long distances on the boulevards of Punjab, while she tried to match up with an array of activities in the Maximum City.
"All my life, I have seen my father as a supremely fit person. At 69, he cycles for 30 to 40km every day. In fact, it was he who introduced me to running when I was 15. So, I didn't need to be convinced of the health benefits of being active. It was like I knew every recipe, but I wasn't cooking," she says.
*Do the drill*
"Restarting an exercise regimen can be almost as hard as starting from scratch. One needs a goal, motivation, perseverance and of course, commitment... So I've decided to make a public commitment to achieve my personal goal…" admitted Gul on day one.
She started with running a distance of 3km and followed it up with free-hand strength exercises, while Panag Sr continued with his 30-plus km of cycling, burning way more calories than his daughter. On day four, Gul took up high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and worked on her abs. The following days, she gradually increased the distance she ran.
Day 10 was about interval running and upper body workout including push-ups and surya namaskars, while day 11 was a recovery day with a brisk walk and abdominal exercises. The day's posts also featured positive fall-outs. "The goal wasn't to lose weight. But this pair of jeans now has two-finger room," Gul captioned a picture. By now, her Twitter timeline was showing posts by people who had started with their own fitness routine inspired by the challenge.
Day 12 was a 30-minute brisk walk, followed by HIIT using tabata (a form of training featuring exercises that last four minutes). By now, she had also begun to catch up with her father. The penultimate day of the challenge, however, began with a hurdle. "Didn't feel up to doing anything today at all," Gul confessed, but added that working towards a goal means doing things one doesn't feel like doing. And she went out for a run anyway. The final day of the challenge included a 3.5-km run, 14-km indoor bike ride and 550-metre swim. "It was a bit of a stretch, but why not? Setting a triathlon as my next goal," posted Gul.
*The results*
The very next day of the challenge, Gul had to travel for her upcoming film. But things were different this time. "Once fitness becomes a part of your routine, you find time, not excuses, to work out. Fitness, after all, is a journey, not a destination," she says, adding that she now makes it a point to include some form of physical activity in her day, however busy she may be. "If I am shooting, I wake up half an hour earlier to work out. If I have an early flight, I get some exercise after I reach the destination," she elaborates.
This flexibility, too, is an attribute she has learnt from her father. While running, endurance and strength training were part of his life in the armed forces, he switched to cycling when his knees began to give him trouble. "After 44 years in the Indian Army, fitness is now a cultural issue, and I had to pass it on to my children. Because Gul had been introduced to running, swimming and other sports by the time she was 15, when she entered Miss India at 20, good gait, agility and fitness were a part of her being," he shares.
He adds that after the challenge, they haven't stopped with their exercises even for a day. "With the help of modern gadgets, we track each other continuously. Exercise brings you happiness and the best part is, you can become fit at any age," he signs off.
The proud daughter agrees, "Whatever you are doing is for yourself. And keeping at it allows you to overcome your inertia. Pursuing a health goal is a metaphor for conquering other challenges - a daily reminder of the need to push yourself."
*Getting started*
Gul Panag's background in fitness gave her a head start, but you too can incorporate movement into your lifestyle by listening to your body. "Set yourself a fitness goal that you can sustain over a period of time, and let it evolve as you get better," says movement specialist and lifestyle coach Ritesh Shaiwal. He insists that maintaining the right form is crucial to avoid injuries.
The warm-up and warm-down process, as Shaiwal calls it, must be adhered to always. "The right sequence for a warm-up session is mobilisation of joints, followed by the cardio element and then specific stretches to improve the specific movement you will perform," he explains. Warming down involves static stretches and movements like forward bends to get the blood flowing back to the brain. Eating right throughout is important. " whatever you eat has to be earned," Shaiwal sums up.
*Day 1*
Challenges herself to become fitter
*Day 2*
Runs for 3km; does free-hand strength training
*Day 4*
Takes up HIITâÂÂÂÂÂÂand works on her abs
*Day 6*
Improves on her 3-km stint and completes 5km
*Day 8*
Goes slow on the last 2km to conserve energy; finishes 7 km
*Day 10*
Interval training; upper body workout
*Day 12*
30-minute brisk walk; HIIT using tabata
*Day 14*
3.5-km run, 14-km indoor bike ride and 550-metre swim
*Also read: Gul Panag: Sport teaches you discipline, dealing with failure; builds character*
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Menopause is the time that marks the end of the menstrual cycle due to the natural depletion of ovarian oocytes from ageing.
The transition to menopause usually starts in 40's. But if it happens early, medically stated as premature menopause, it can lead to mood swings and irritability.
Most women have to also cope up with the additional physical and emotional concerns.
Dr. Anubha Singh, Gynecologist and IVF Expert explained this and said ¿A mother¿s menopausal age holds vital clues to the daughter¿s fertility. Mothers who experience early menopause have daughters with compromised levels of the hormones needed for ovulation and egg reserve indication.¿
"Menopause seems accelerated in women whose mothers experienced early menopause or premature ovarian failure" added Dr. Anubha Singh.
Symptoms of premature menopause are often the same as those experienced by women undergoing natural menopause and may include, vaginal dryness, irregular periods, sleeplessness and crying spells.
"Women who delay motherhood till the late 30s often face infertility. Diminished or rapidly depleting egg reserve is one of the causes of infertility among young females. Young women are increasingly experiencing premature ovarian failure (POF), with the incidence of POF among women below 40 years of age at 1 percent," said another IVF Expert, Dr. Shobha Gupta.
Majorly, two tests are recommended to diagnose infertility, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test and Antral Follicle count (AFC).
A woman's natural reproductive journey progresses through puberty, fertility, reduced fertility or sub-fertility, the transition towards menopause and, finally, menopause.
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Yogurt, the versatile dairy product, is filled with nutrition and is equally useful for skin and hair. Treat sunburns, acne and improve your immunity with yogurt, say experts. Himanshu Chadha, Founder, APS Cosmetoofood, and Nmami Agarwal, Nutritionist and Dietician, have listed the goodness of yogurt:
*1. Treats sunburn:* Spread yogurt on the affected area, leave it for 20-25 minutes and then wash it off with lukewarm water. Yogurt is rich in zinc and has anti-inflammatory properties. It also contains probiotics that will help restore your skin's natural barrier.
*2. Treats acne:* Treat acne with yogurt as it contains natural anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Rub a dab of the creamy yogurt onto acne-prone areas. Rinse it off after 30 minutes. A regular beauty regime with a yogurt facial mask will help keep skin cleansed, which will also reduce irritating breakouts.
*3. Conditions hair naturally:* Yogurt is a great ingredient for a hair conditioner. It has moisturising properties which helps repair dry and damaged hair. Take a cup of yogurt and whip it. Apply it on your scalp, hair and hair ends by massaging it well. Cover your hair with a shower cap and let it rest for 20 minutes, then wash your hair with a mild shampoo. Using yogurt, which is full of nutrients that are good for your hair, can help stop hair fall. Due to the presence of vitamin B5 and D, yogurt helps nourish the hair follicles. A mixture of pepper and curd used daily for washing the hair helps in reducing hair fall. Curd and Amla powder can be mixed together to make a paste that can be applied on the scalp and hair to reduce hair loss.
*4. Aids digestion:* Since it is a well-known probiotic food, it helps to flourish the healthy bacteria in your gut which can improve the gastro immune system. Along with this, it aids in digestion by reducing the side effects of the irritant stomach such as diarrhea, bloating and irritable bowel syndrome.
*5. Strengthens your bones:* Strengthen your bones by adding yogurt to your everyday diet. It will add that daily dose of calcium which your body requires for stronger bones as well as for regulating the bone mineral density.
By having a diet in a combination with calcium and vitamin D, it can work as a treatment for osteoporosis.
*6. Fights yeast infections like Candida:* Yogurt works perfectly for women. It is often advised for women to consume freshly prepared yogurt in their diet considering they are powerful for fighting against the yeast infections such as Candida which can be a causing trouble to a lot of women. The bacterium, Lactobacillus acidophilus found in yogurt, kills the yeast infections and improves health in the longer run.
*7. Improve the overall immune system:* Consuming probiotic yogurt helps reduce inflammation and improve the overall body immune response to counter with several viral or gut related infections and illness.
*8. Increases absorption of trace materials:* Along with this, yogurt also helps in increasing the absorption of trace minerals such as magnesium, zinc, and selenium.
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*Representational picture*
*London:* If you thought hitting the gym only builds your physical strength, think again. A study of nearly half a million people has revealed that stronger people perform better in brain functioning tests. Muscular strength, measured by handgrip, is an indication of how healthy our brains are, said the study published in the journal Schizophrenia Bulletin.
"Our study confirms that people who are stronger do indeed tend to have better functioning brains," said study co-author Joseph Firth from NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia.
Using data from the 475,397 participants from all around Britain, the new study showed that on average, stronger people performed better in brain functioning tests that included reaction speed, logical problem solving, and multiple different tests of memory.
The study, which used UK Biobank data, showed the relationships were consistently strong in both people aged under 55 and those aged over 55. Previous studies had only shown this applies in elderly people.
The findings also showed that maximal handgrip was strongly correlated with both visual memory and reaction time in over one thousand people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.
"We can see there is a clear connection between muscular strength and brain health," Firth, who is also an honorary research fellow at the University of Manchester in Britain, said.
"But really, what we need now, are more studies to test if we can actually make our brains healthier by doing things which make our muscles stronger -- such as weight training," he added.
Previous research by the group has already found that aerobic exercise can improve brain health.
"These sorts of novel interventions, such as weight training, could be particularly beneficial for people with mental health conditions," Firth said.
"Our research has shown that the connections between muscular strength and brain functioning also exist in people experiencing schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder -- all of which can interfere with regular brain functioning," he added.
"This raises the strong possibility that weight training exercises could actually improve both the physical and mental functioning of people with these conditions," he said.
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Whether dependency or addiction, the reality is that for many stopping caffeine consumption is really very difficult as most of us follow the ritual of having a steaming cup of tea or coffee in the morning.
Caffeine is believed to boost mood, metabolism and mental and physical performance. But is this a caffeine myth or caffeine fact?
"Caffeine exists in varying amount in our favourite drinks like coffee, tea, soft-drink, chocolate and certain medications. While a small amount of its consumption increases alertness, there are a few noticeable side effects when the consumption amount changes ¿ even a little too much can cause discomfort. Rapid heart rate, tachycardia, shakiness and anxiety are among the potential side effects of access tea and coffee," said Nutritionist and Dietitian Nmami Agarwal.
She added, "Reducing amount of tea, coffee and sugar consumption can help in alleviate anxiety and other negative effects."
Too much of caffeine and the addiction to tea or coffee can take an ugly turn and can affect our health drastically.
Another nutritionist, Saumya Shatakshi, recommended some healthy alternatives instead of the regular cups of addiction which can be a healthy and refreshing change for the body.
Smoothies & shakes- These drinks combine low-fat dairy products, fruit, and even peanut butter. One can also also add flax seeds, chia seeds, oats or museli in smoothies and shakes.
Detox Water- Always healthy and the best way to lose weight, detox water adds some goodness to your day. Add few slices of lemon, oranges, mint leaves, fruits of your choice, and pieces of ginger in a bottle of water.
Summer soup- It is a superhealthy supper or a lovely light lunch and is a great way to get your five-a-day and make for a quick and virtuous meal.
Cold-pressed juice- Cold-pressed juice is the best and trendy way to go healthy. It also gives you the flexibility to mix vegetables with fruits Pineapple pear ginger mint, Apple cinnamon, Green alkalizer, Citrus juice.
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*New York:* If you have developed a spare tyre, it is time you saw a doctor to assess your cardiovascular health as researchers have found that belly fat, even in people who are not otherwise overweight, is bad for the heart. "People with a normal weight but a fat belly have more chance of heart problems than people without a fat belly, even if they are obese according to BMI (body mass index)," said study author Jose Medina-Inojosa from the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, US.
"This body shape indicates a sedentary lifestyle, low muscle mass, and eating too many refined carbohydrates," Medina-Inojosa said.
BMI, which is weight relative to height in kg/metre square, is used to categorise adults as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese. However, BMI does not account for the amount and distribution of fat and muscle.
Central obesity is a store of excess fat around the middle of the body and is a marker of abnormal fat distribution.
This study tested the hypothesis that people with normal weight and central obesity would have more heart problems than people with normal weight and normal fat distribution.
From 1997 to 2000, the study enrolled nearly 1,700 people aged 45 years or older in the US.
Participants underwent a clinical examination and measurements were taken of weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference.
Patients were followed-up from 2000 to 2016 for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events such as as heart attack, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes.
Participants with a normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/metre square) and central obesity had an approximately two-fold higher long-term risk of heart problems compared to participants without central obesity, regardless of their BMI, the study said.
"If you have fat around your belly and it's greater than the size of your hips, visit your doctor to assess your cardiovascular health and fat distribution. If you have central obesity the target will be waist loss rather than weight loss," Medina-Inojosa said.
"Exercise more, decrease sedentary time by taking the stairs or getting off the train one stop early and walking, increase your muscle mass with strength and resistance training, and cut out refined carbohydrates," he added.
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*Representational picture*
*New Delhi*: New mothers who struggle with post-delivery weakness can find respite in natural ingredients which help heal the postpartum body, experts say. Hema Divakar, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, says skin may be more sensitive during pregnancy owing to hormonal changes and this can sometimes trigger painful skin conditions.
"You should be careful about what you apply on your body, as it can affect the baby too. Thus, ensure to include the right skin care products in your regimen to prevent pregnancy-related skin problems," said Divakar.
Prathibha, Ayurveda expert at The Himalaya Drug Company, says Ayurveda recommends the use of herbs and oils that help protect and heal a mother's body post pregnancy. This helps relieve stress and ensures a smooth start to motherhood. Including products in your daily routine which contain these essential ingredients will be soothing for a new mother," she said. She suggests a few herbs that help protect and heal a new mother's body and make motherhood a happy and relaxing journey:
Country mallow: Massaging your body leads to greater flexibility and tones the muscles, resulting in faster postpartum recovery. Country mallow is used as a primary ingredient in massage oils, which are used to strengthen muscles and repair dry skin.
Five-leaved chaste tree: This herb helps relieve pain and accelerates the process of healing wounds and rashes.
· Winter cherry: Also known as Ashvagandha, it rejuvenates the body and promotes physical and mental health. Winter Cherry works best in strengthening and firming the skin, while enhancing muscle and joint strength.
· Indian madder: It has antioxidant properties and helps clear the skin, free from blemishes. It also relieves skin-related issues and inflammation.
· Almond: Due to several hormonal changes during pregnancy, the skin becomes extremely sensitive and prone to dryness. Almond oil based products provide the necessary care to keep your skin nourished. Almond oil also contains Vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, and E, which ensure the skin is soft and supple.
· Aloe vera: Aloe vera contains antimicrobial and natural soothing properties that moisturize and help heal rashes. It soothes irritable skin conditions caused during pregnancy and acts as a remedy for stretch marks.
· Natural zinc: Natural zinc is known to lock in moisture and have antiseptic and antimicrobial properties. It is helpful in treating rashes caused due to skin irritation and sweat.
· Sesame: Often considered as the most beneficial oil especially for its skin-firming properties, Sesame oil moisturises the skin and prevents infections.
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"It is increasingly clear that changes happening to your immune system after a strenuous bout of exercise do not leave your body immune-suppressed," said study co-author John Campbell from University of Bath in Britain.
"In fact, evidence now suggests that your immune system is boosted after exercise -- for example we know that exercise can improve your immune response to a flu jab," Campbell added.
Research from the 1980s, which focused on events such as the Los Angeles Marathon, asked competitors if they had symptoms of infections in the days and weeks after their race.
Many did, leading to a widespread belief that endurance sports increase infection risk by suppressing our immune system.
In a detailed analysis of research articles that have been published since the 1980s, this new review study, published in the journal Frontiers in Immunology, has reinterpreted the findings.
The researchers explained that for competitors taking part in endurance sports, exercise causes immune cells to change in two ways.
Initially, during exercise, the number of some immune cells in the bloodstream can increase dramatically by up to 10 times, especially "natural killer cells" which deal with infections.
After exercise, some cells in the bloodstream decrease substantially -- sometimes falling to levels lower than before exercise started, and this can last for several hours.
Many scientists previously interpreted this fall in immune cells after exercise to be immune-suppression.
However strong evidence suggests that this does not mean that cells have been 'lost' or 'destroyed', but rather that they move to other sites in the body that are more likely to become infected, such as the lungs, according to the study.
The researchers, therefore, suggested that low numbers of immune cells in the bloodstream in the hours after exercise, far from being a sign of immune-suppression, are in fact a signal that these cells, primed by exercise, are working i
Reported by Mid-Day 2 days ago.
The accused killers kept the Polaroid photos as trophies, witnesses would later tell investigators. The frozen moments were reminders of what they had done - and useful threats to anyone who was thinking about talking.There were...
Reported by New Zealand Herald 1 hour ago.
Travelling film fest, Jagran Film Festival (JFF), will take place across 18 cities -- including Agra and Gorakhpur -- in its ninth edition. Scheduled to open in New Delhi from July 1, this year the festival has competitive sections with prize money for Indian feature films, foreign feature films and foreign short films.
A 22-year-old man and two of his friends were arrested for allegedly beating a young man to death for having an affair with the sister of the main accused. The victim was mercilessly beaten by the men in his home with wooden sticks, said the police.
Iron deficiency and low blood levels of Vitamin B12 in small boys may be associated with behaviour problems, such as anxiety and aggression, when they get in middle school, according to a new study.
*Max Fashion*, the country’s largest International fashion brand, hosted the Grand Finale of *Max Emerging Star 2018 *at* Infiniti Mall *in Malad, Mumbai. Max Emerging star is a property that aims at giving a platform to the ones who dare to dream and aspire to have a foothold in the entertainment and glamour industry of India.